Preguntes Freqüents - FAQ

How to Remove old kernels /boot is full.  Imprimeix aquest Article

This guide covers how to correctly remove old kernels to free up space on /boot partition.  I do not take any responsibility for this article if you do not pay attention and you crash a system I am not responsible.  If you are truly unsure of how to do this please get with a upper tier admin or myself to assist you.  Please note that the versions below are only meant for reference please do not just copy and paste the commands please make sure to check your current kernel version and make sure that you do not remove the current installed kernel version.

First check for kernel updates:

[root@server1 logs]# yum check-update
kernel.i686                              2.6.9-89.0.16.EL       update
kernel-smp.i686                          2.6.9-89.0.16.EL       update

Now try and install the kernel updates:

[root@server1 logs]# yum update
Finished
Resolving Dependencies
--> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait.
---> Package kernel.i686 0:2.6.9-89.0.16.EL set to be installed
---> Package kernel-smp.i686 0:2.6.9-89.0.16.EL set to be installed
--> Running transaction check

Dependencies Resolved

=====================================================
Package                 Arch       Version          Repository        Size
=====================================================
Installing:
kernel                  i686       2.6.9-89.0.16.EL  update             13 M
kernel-smp              i686       2.6.9-89.0.16.EL  update             12 M

Transaction Summary
=====================================================
Install      2 Package(s)
Update       0 Package(s)
Remove       0 Package(s)
Total download size: 26 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test

Transaction Check Error:   installing package kernel-smp-2.6.9-89.0.16.EL needs 3MB on the /boot filesystem

Check the disk space:

[root@server1 logs]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1             122M  113M  2.9M  98% /boot

/boot is full so we need to remove some of the older kernels that are not being used, let's first check which kernel we are in so that we do not remove it by mistake.

[root@server1 logs]# uname -a
Linux server1.localhost.com 2.6.9-78.0.22.ELsmp #1 SMP Thu Apr 30 19:14:39 EDT 2009 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux

MAKE A NOTE OF THE CURRENT KERNEL VERSION WHEN YOU ARE REMOVING KERNELS.

Check to see which kernels are installed:

[root@server1 logs]# rpm -q kernel
kernel-2.6.9-67.EL
kernel-2.6.9-67.0.7.EL
kernel-2.6.9-67.0.4.EL
kernel-2.6.9-55.0.12.EL
kernel-2.6.9-42.EL
kernel-2.6.9-67.0.1.EL
kernel-2.6.9-67.0.15.EL
kernel-2.6.9-67.0.20.EL
kernel-2.6.9-67.0.22.EL
kernel-2.6.9-78.0.1.EL
kernel-2.6.9-78.0.5.EL
kernel-2.6.9-78.0.8.EL
kernel-2.6.9-78.0.13.EL
kernel-2.6.9-78.0.17.EL
kernel-2.6.9-78.0.22.EL
kernel-2.6.9-89.0.7.EL
kernel-2.6.9-89.0.9.EL
kernel-2.6.9-89.0.11.EL

Now remove the older kernels in the series like 2.6.9-42,55,67 but we can leave the 78 and 89's since they are newer.  Be sure not to remove the current kernel.

[root@server1 logs]# rpm -e kernel-2.6.9-42.EL
[root@server1 logs]# rpm -e kernel-2.6.9-55.0.12.EL
[root@server1 logs]# rpm -e kernel-2.6.9-67.EL
[root@server1 logs]# rpm -e kernel-2.6.9-67.0.7.EL
[root@server1 logs]# rpm -e kernel-2.6.9-67.0.4.EL
[root@server1 logs]# rpm -e kernel-2.6.9-67.0.1.EL
[root@server1 logs]# rpm -e kernel-2.6.9-67.0.15.EL
[root@server1 logs]# rpm -e kernel-2.6.9-67.0.20.EL
[root@server1 logs]# rpm -e kernel-2.6.9-67.0.22.EL

Now make sure that we only have 2.6.9-78 and 2.6.9-89 kernels listed.

[root@server1 logs]# rpm -q kernel
kernel-2.6.9-78.0.1.EL
kernel-2.6.9-78.0.5.EL
kernel-2.6.9-78.0.8.EL
kernel-2.6.9-78.0.13.EL
kernel-2.6.9-78.0.17.EL
kernel-2.6.9-78.0.22.EL
kernel-2.6.9-89.0.7.EL
kernel-2.6.9-89.0.9.EL
kernel-2.6.9-89.0.11.EL

Good now check the free space:

[root@server1 logs]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1             122M   86M   30M  75% /boot

Now clean up some of the left over files on /boot

[root@server1 logs]# cd /boot/

Let's get a complete list of kernel files:

[root@server1 boot]# ll |grep config-
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   49926 Aug 12  2006 config-2.6.9-42.ELsmp
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   50058 Nov  2  2007 config-2.6.9-55.0.12.ELsmp
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   50550 May  8  2008 config-2.6.9-67.0.15.ELsmp
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   50549 Dec 19  2007 config-2.6.9-67.0.1.ELsmp
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   50550 Jun 26  2008 config-2.6.9-67.0.20.ELsmp
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   50550 Jul 24  2008 config-2.6.9-67.0.22.ELsmp
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   50549 Feb  3  2008 config-2.6.9-67.0.4.ELsmp
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   50549 Mar 15  2008 config-2.6.9-67.0.7.ELsmp
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   50545 Nov 16  2007 config-2.6.9-67.ELsmp
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   51502 Jan 14  2009 config-2.6.9-78.0.13.EL
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   51127 Jan 14  2009 config-2.6.9-78.0.13.ELsmp
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   51502 Mar 13  2009 config-2.6.9-78.0.17.EL
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   51127 Mar 13  2009 config-2.6.9-78.0.17.ELsmp
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   51501 Aug  5  2008 config-2.6.9-78.0.1.EL
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   51126 Aug  5  2008 config-2.6.9-78.0.1.ELsmp
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   51502 May  1  2009 config-2.6.9-78.0.22.EL
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   51127 May  1  2009 config-2.6.9-78.0.22.ELsmp
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   51501 Oct  8  2008 config-2.6.9-78.0.5.EL
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   51126 Oct  8  2008 config-2.6.9-78.0.5.ELsmp
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   51501 Nov 20  2008 config-2.6.9-78.0.8.EL
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   51126 Nov 20  2008 config-2.6.9-78.0.8.ELsmp
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   51614 Sep 15 14:12 config-2.6.9-89.0.11.EL
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   51239 Sep 15 14:25 config-2.6.9-89.0.11.ELsmp
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   51613 Aug 14 17:15 config-2.6.9-89.0.7.EL
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   51238 Aug 14 17:27 config-2.6.9-89.0.7.ELsmp
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   51613 Aug 24 14:53 config-2.6.9-89.0.9.EL
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   51238 Aug 24 15:03 config-2.6.9-89.0.9.ELsmp

As we can see there are still some of the files from older kernels that were not removed when we removed kernels 2.6.9-42,55,67 so we are going to manually remove these.

[root@server1 boot]# rm -fv *2.6.9-4*
removed `config-2.6.9-42.ELsmp'
removed `initrd-2.6.9-42.ELsmp.img'
removed `System.map-2.6.9-42.ELsmp'
removed `vmlinuz-2.6.9-42.ELsmp'
[root@server1 boot]# rm -fv *2.6.9-5*
removed `config-2.6.9-55.0.12.ELsmp'
removed `initrd-2.6.9-55.0.12.ELsmp.img'
removed `System.map-2.6.9-55.0.12.ELsmp'
removed `vmlinuz-2.6.9-55.0.12.ELsmp'

[root@server1 boot]# rm -fv *2.6.9-6*
removed `config-2.6.9-67.0.15.ELsmp'
removed `config-2.6.9-67.0.1.ELsmp'
removed `config-2.6.9-67.0.20.ELsmp'
removed `config-2.6.9-67.0.22.ELsmp'
removed `config-2.6.9-67.0.4.ELsmp'
removed `config-2.6.9-67.0.7.ELsmp'
removed `config-2.6.9-67.ELsmp'
removed `initrd-2.6.9-67.0.15.ELsmp.img'
removed `initrd-2.6.9-67.0.1.ELsmp.img'
removed `initrd-2.6.9-67.0.20.ELsmp.img'
removed `initrd-2.6.9-67.0.22.ELsmp.img'
removed `initrd-2.6.9-67.0.4.ELsmp.img'
removed `initrd-2.6.9-67.0.7.ELsmp.img'
removed `initrd-2.6.9-67.ELsmp.img'
removed `symvers-2.6.9-67.0.15.ELsmp.gz'
removed `symvers-2.6.9-67.0.1.ELsmp.gz'
removed `symvers-2.6.9-67.0.20.ELsmp.gz'
removed `symvers-2.6.9-67.0.22.ELsmp.gz'
removed `symvers-2.6.9-67.0.4.ELsmp.gz'
removed `symvers-2.6.9-67.0.7.ELsmp.gz'
removed `symvers-2.6.9-67.ELsmp.gz'
removed `System.map-2.6.9-67.0.15.ELsmp'
removed `System.map-2.6.9-67.0.1.ELsmp'
removed `System.map-2.6.9-67.0.20.ELsmp'
removed `System.map-2.6.9-67.0.22.ELsmp'
removed `System.map-2.6.9-67.0.4.ELsmp'
removed `System.map-2.6.9-67.0.7.ELsmp'
removed `System.map-2.6.9-67.ELsmp'
removed `vmlinuz-2.6.9-67.0.15.ELsmp'
removed `vmlinuz-2.6.9-67.0.1.ELsmp'
removed `vmlinuz-2.6.9-67.0.20.ELsmp'
removed `vmlinuz-2.6.9-67.0.22.ELsmp'
removed `vmlinuz-2.6.9-67.0.4.ELsmp'
removed `vmlinuz-2.6.9-67.0.7.ELsmp'
removed `vmlinuz-2.6.9-67.ELsmp'

Now check and make sure that we only have 2.6.9-78 and 2.6.9-89 kernels left:

[root@server1 boot]# ll |grep config-
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   51502 Jan 14  2009 config-2.6.9-78.0.13.EL
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   51127 Jan 14  2009 config-2.6.9-78.0.13.ELsmp
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   51502 Mar 13  2009 config-2.6.9-78.0.17.EL
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   51127 Mar 13  2009 config-2.6.9-78.0.17.ELsmp
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   51501 Aug  5  2008 config-2.6.9-78.0.1.EL
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   51126 Aug  5  2008 config-2.6.9-78.0.1.ELsmp
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   51502 May  1  2009 config-2.6.9-78.0.22.EL
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   51127 May  1  2009 config-2.6.9-78.0.22.ELsmp
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   51501 Oct  8  2008 config-2.6.9-78.0.5.EL
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   51126 Oct  8  2008 config-2.6.9-78.0.5.ELsmp
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   51501 Nov 20  2008 config-2.6.9-78.0.8.EL
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   51126 Nov 20  2008 config-2.6.9-78.0.8.ELsmp
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   51614 Sep 15 14:12 config-2.6.9-89.0.11.EL
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   51239 Sep 15 14:25 config-2.6.9-89.0.11.ELsmp
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   51613 Aug 14 17:15 config-2.6.9-89.0.7.EL
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   51238 Aug 14 17:27 config-2.6.9-89.0.7.ELsmp
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   51613 Aug 24 14:53 config-2.6.9-89.0.9.EL
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   51238 Aug 24 15:03 config-2.6.9-89.0.9.ELsmp

Looks good now you need to edit the GRUB conf and remove the old kernels from the bottom of this config.

ONLY REMOVE OLD KERNELS THAT YOU HAVE REMOVED FROM THE SYSTEM.

[root@server1 boot]# vi /boot/grub/grub.conf

Scroll to the bottom and remove the ones that you have removed from the system:

title CentOS (2.6.9-67.0.22.ELsmp)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.9-67.0.22.ELsmp ro root=LABEL=/
initrd /initrd-2.6.9-67.0.22.ELsmp.img
title CentOS (2.6.9-67.0.20.ELsmp)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.9-67.0.20.ELsmp ro root=LABEL=/
initrd /initrd-2.6.9-67.0.20.ELsmp.img
title CentOS (2.6.9-67.0.15.ELsmp)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.9-67.0.15.ELsmp ro root=LABEL=/
initrd /initrd-2.6.9-67.0.15.ELsmp.img
title CentOS (2.6.9-67.0.7.ELsmp)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.9-67.0.7.ELsmp ro root=LABEL=/
initrd /initrd-2.6.9-67.0.7.ELsmp.img
title CentOS (2.6.9-67.0.4.ELsmp)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.9-67.0.4.ELsmp ro root=LABEL=/
initrd /initrd-2.6.9-67.0.4.ELsmp.img
title CentOS (2.6.9-67.0.1.ELsmp)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.9-67.0.1.ELsmp ro root=LABEL=/
initrd /initrd-2.6.9-67.0.1.ELsmp.img
title CentOS (2.6.9-67.ELsmp)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.9-67.ELsmp ro root=LABEL=/
initrd /initrd-2.6.9-67.ELsmp.img
title CentOS (2.6.9-55.0.12.ELsmp)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.9-55.0.12.ELsmp ro root=LABEL=/
initrd /initrd-2.6.9-55.0.12.ELsmp.img
title CentOS-4 i386 (2.6.9-42.ELsmp)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.9-42.ELsmp ro root=LABEL=/
initrd /initrd-2.6.9-42.ELsmp.img

Now check the free space:

[root@server1 boot]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1             122M   60M   56M  52% /boot

This looks good now we can upgrade the kernel and reboot into the latest one:

[root@server1 boot]# yum update
Finished
Resolving Dependencies
--> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait.
---> Package kernel.i686 0:2.6.9-89.0.16.EL set to be installed
---> Package kernel-smp.i686 0:2.6.9-89.0.16.EL set to be installed
--> Running transaction check

Dependencies Resolved

=====================================================
Package                 Arch       Version          Repository        Size
=====================================================
Installing:
kernel                  i686       2.6.9-89.0.16.EL  update             13 M
kernel-smp              i686       2.6.9-89.0.16.EL  update             12 M

Transaction Summary
=====================================================
Install      2 Package(s)
Update       0 Package(s)
Remove       0 Package(s)
Total download size: 26 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing: kernel-smp                   ######################### [1/2]
Installing: kernel                       ######################### [2/2]

Installed: kernel.i686 0:2.6.9-89.0.16.EL kernel-smp.i686 0:2.6.9-89.0.16.EL
Complete!

I usually go ahead and check the GRUB conf to make sure that it sets the correct kernel as default, which it usually does but this is just habit.

You want this to be default of 1 since it's booting into the SMP kernel, if you are not running SMP kernel it should be default 0 to boot into the first kernel.

[root@server1 boot]# vi /boot/grub/grub.conf

default=1
timeout=5
splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz
hiddenmenu
title CentOS (2.6.9-89.0.16.EL)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.9-89.0.16.EL ro root=LABEL=/
initrd /initrd-2.6.9-89.0.16.EL.img
title CentOS (2.6.9-89.0.16.ELsmp)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.9-89.0.16.ELsmp ro root=LABEL=/
initrd /initrd-2.6.9-89.0.16.ELsmp.img

Once this is completed completed go ahead and reboot the system.

[root@server1 boot]# reboot

When the system comes back online make sure it's in the latest kernel:

[root@server1 ~]# uname -a
Linux server1.localhost.com 2.6.9-89.0.16.ELsmp #1 SMP Tue Nov 3 17:34:21 EST 2009 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux

Ha estat útil la resposta?